HowMind
视频生成镜头提示词：景别、角度、运动、构图、景深、转场与光线，中英文对照，可直接用于可灵、即梦、Runway 等 AI 视频生成。
一、景别（Shot Sizes）
大远景
Extreme Long Shot / ELS
提示词：Extreme long shot, vast landscape or skyline, subject tiny in frame, epic scale, cinematic. 大远景镜头，广阔天地中人物渺小，史诗感、电影感。
远景
Long Shot / LS
提示词：Long shot, full environment visible, subject small but recognizable, establishing space. 远景，环境完整呈现，人物较小可辨，建立空间感。
全景
Full Shot / FS
提示词：Full shot, head to toe of subject in frame, body language visible, clear context. 全景，人物从头到脚入画，肢体清晰，情境明确。
中全景
Medium Full Shot / MFS
提示词：Medium full shot, subject from knees or thighs up, balanced figure and environment. 中全景，人物自膝或大腿以上入画，人物与环境平衡。
中景
Medium Shot / MS
提示词：Medium shot, waist up, subject and surroundings both clear, classic dialogue framing. 中景，腰以上，人物与环境兼顾，经典对话景别。
中近景
Medium Close-Up / MCU
提示词：Medium close-up, chest to head, face readable, slight background. 中近景，胸至头部，面部可读，少量背景。
近景
Close-Up / CU
提示词：Close-up, face and shoulders, expression and emotion emphasized. 近景，面部与肩部，突出表情与情绪。
特写
Extreme Close-Up / ECU
提示词：Extreme close-up, eyes or single feature filling frame, intense detail, dramatic. 特写，眼睛或单一局部充满画面，细节强烈，戏剧性。
大特写
Big Close-Up / BCU
提示词：Big close-up, eyes or lips only, maximum intimacy and tension. 大特写，仅眼睛或嘴唇，极强亲密感与张力。
主镜头
Master Shot
提示词：Master shot, wide coverage of entire scene, all actors and space in one frame, scene opener. 主镜头，整场戏全景覆盖，所有角色与空间在一帧内，开场镜头。
建立镜头
Establishing Shot
提示词：Establishing shot, location or setting first, orient the viewer, then cut to action. 建立镜头，先展示地点或环境，确立空间后再切入动作。
插入镜头
Insert Shot
提示词：Insert shot, detail of object or action, document, hand, key item, cut into scene. 插入镜头，物体或动作的细节，文件、手、关键物品，插入叙事。
过肩镜头
Over-the-Shoulder Shot / OTS
提示词：Over-the-shoulder shot, camera behind one person looking at another, conversation, connection. 过肩镜头，从一人肩后拍向另一人，对话与交流感。
双人镜头
Two-Shot
提示词：Two-shot, two people in frame, relationship and interaction, dialogue or reaction. 双人镜头，两人同框，关系与互动，对话或反应。
三人镜头
Three-Shot
提示词：Three-shot, three characters in frame, group dynamic, triangle or line composition. 三人镜头，三人同框，群体关系，三角或线性构图。
群像镜头
Group Shot
提示词：Group shot, multiple people in frame, crowd or team, collective moment. 群像镜头，多人同框，群体或团队，集体瞬间。
孤独特写
Isolation Shot
提示词：Isolation shot, single subject isolated in frame, rest blurred or dark, focus on one. 孤独特写，单一主体被隔离在画面中，其余虚化或暗部，突出个体。
牛仔镜头
Cowboy Shot / American Shot
提示词：Cowboy shot, mid-thigh up, holster and hands visible, western style, ready for action. 牛仔镜头，大腿中部以上，枪套与手可见，西部风格，蓄势待发。
二、镜头角度（Camera Angles）
平视镜头
Eye Level Shot
提示词：Eye level shot, camera at subject's eye height, neutral, natural, viewer equal to subject. 平视镜头，与角色视线齐平，中性、自然，观者与角色平等。
仰拍镜头
Low Angle Shot
提示词：Low angle shot, camera looking up at subject, power, dominance, heroism, towering. 仰拍镜头，自下往上拍，力量、支配感、英雄气、高大。
俯拍镜头
High Angle Shot
提示词：High angle shot, camera looking down at subject, vulnerability, smallness, surveillance. 俯拍镜头，自上往下拍，脆弱、渺小、被审视感。
顶视镜头 / 鸟瞰镜头
Top Shot / Bird's Eye View / Overhead Shot
提示词：Bird's eye view, directly above, top-down, map-like, pattern and layout clear. 鸟瞰镜头，正上方垂直俯视，地图感，格局与路径清晰。
虫视镜头
Worm's Eye View
提示词：Worm's eye view, camera at ground level looking up, extreme low angle, dramatic scale. 虫视镜头，贴近地面向上看，极低角度，夸张尺度感。
荷兰角 / 倾斜镜头
Dutch Angle / Canted Angle
提示词：Dutch angle, tilted camera, horizon skewed, unease, chaos, disorientation, tension. 荷兰角，摄影机倾斜，地平线歪斜，不安、混乱、迷失、紧张。
主观镜头
Point of View Shot / POV
提示词：POV shot, camera as character's eyes, we see what they see, first-person view. 主观镜头，摄影机即角色双眼，所见即所得，第一人称视角。
客观镜头
Objective Shot
提示词：Objective shot, neutral observer, no character POV, documentary style, external. 客观镜头，中性旁观者，非角色视角，纪录感、外在观察。
反打镜头
Reverse Angle Shot
提示词：Reverse angle, camera opposite to previous shot, 180-degree flip, other side of conversation. 反打镜头，与上一镜头相反机位，180 度翻转，对话另一侧。
侧面镜头
Profile Shot
提示词：Profile shot, subject from the side, silhouette or side face, contour and outline. 侧面镜头，从侧面拍摄主体，剪影或侧脸，轮廓线条。
背面镜头
Rear Angle Shot
提示词：Rear angle shot, camera behind subject, back of head and shoulders, following or mystery. 背面镜头，从背后拍主体，后脑与背影，跟随或悬念。
膝平镜头
Knee Level Shot
提示词：Knee level shot, camera at knee height, low but not ground, dynamic stance. 膝平镜头，机位在膝盖高度，偏低但非贴地，动势明确。
腰平镜头
Waist Level Shot
提示词：Waist level shot, camera at waist height, stable, classic medium framing. 腰平镜头，机位齐腰，稳定，经典中景高度。
肩平镜头
Shoulder Level Shot
提示词：Shoulder level shot, camera at shoulder height, natural eye line, conversation. 肩平镜头，机位齐肩，自然视线，对话感。
地平镜头
Ground Level Shot
提示词：Ground level shot, camera on the ground, floor view, feet and ground, intimate low. 地平镜头，摄影机贴地，地面视角，脚与地面，低角度亲密。
三、镜头运动（Camera Movements）
固定镜头
Static Shot / Locked-off Shot
提示词：Static shot, camera locked, no movement, stable frame, subject moves within. 固定镜头，摄影机锁定不动，画面稳定，主体在画内运动。
推镜头
Dolly In / Push In
提示词：Dolly in, camera moves forward toward subject, focus intensifies, approach. 推镜头，摄影机向前推进，焦点集中，逼近感。
拉镜头
Dolly Out / Pull Out
提示词：Dolly out, camera pulls back, reveal context, scale and environment expand. 拉镜头，摄影机后拉，揭示环境，空间与尺度展开。
摇镜头
Pan
提示词：Pan, camera rotates horizontally left or right, scan space, follow action. 摇镜头，摄影机水平左右旋转，扫描空间，跟随动作。
移镜头
Truck / Tracking Shot
提示词：Tracking shot, camera moves sideways with subject, parallel movement, follow. 移镜头，摄影机横向跟随主体移动，平行运动，跟拍。
跟镜头
Follow Shot
提示词：Follow shot, camera follows subject through space, behind or beside, journey. 跟镜头，摄影机跟随主体穿过空间，身后或身侧，旅程感。
升镜头
Boom Up / Pedestal Up / Crane Up
提示词：Crane up, camera rises vertically, lift from low to high, reveal or ascend. 升镜头，摄影机垂直上升，由低到高，揭示或升华。
降镜头
Boom Down / Pedestal Down / Crane Down
提示词：Crane down, camera descends vertically, from high to low, settle or descend. 降镜头，摄影机垂直下降，由高到低，落定或下沉。
升降镜头
Crane Shot / Jib Shot
提示词：Crane shot, camera on jib or crane, smooth vertical and horizontal move, fluid. 升降镜头，摄影机在摇臂或升降机上，流畅的垂直与水平运动。
弧型运动镜头
Arc Shot
提示词：Arc shot, camera moves in a curve around subject, orbit partial, dynamic angle change. 弧型运动镜头，摄影机沿弧线绕主体运动，局部环绕，角度变化。
环绕镜头
Orbit Shot / 360 Shot
提示词：Orbit shot, camera circles 360 degrees around subject, full rotation, dramatic. 环绕镜头，摄影机 360 度绕主体旋转，完整一圈，戏剧性。
甩镜头
Whip Pan / Swish Pan
提示词：Whip pan, very fast horizontal pan, motion blur between, energy and transition. 甩镜头，极快水平摇镜，中间运动模糊，动感与转场。
变焦镜头
Zoom In / Zoom Out
提示词：Zoom in or zoom out, lens focal length changes, subject grows or shrinks in frame. 变焦推进或拉出，焦距变化，主体在画内放大或缩小。
滑动变焦
Dolly Zoom / Vertigo Effect / Zolly
提示词：Dolly zoom, camera moves forward while zooming out or vice versa, vertigo, tension. 滑动变焦，推进同时拉焦或反之，眩晕感、紧张感。
手持镜头
Handheld Shot
提示词：Handheld shot, slight shake, documentary feel, immediacy, realism. 手持镜头，轻微晃动，纪实感、即时感、真实感。
斯坦尼康镜头
Steadicam Shot
提示词：Steadicam shot, smooth movement through space, no shake, floating, following. 斯坦尼康镜头，空间中平稳移动，无抖动，漂浮、跟随。
航拍镜头
Aerial Shot / Drone Shot
提示词：Aerial shot, drone or helicopter, sky view, landscape and scale from above. 航拍镜头，无人机或直升机，空中视角，俯瞰大地与尺度。
第一人称镜头
First-Person Shot
提示词：First-person shot, viewer is the character, POV, we are inside the action. 第一人称镜头，观者即角色，主观视角，置身动作之中。
窥视镜头
Peeping Shot
提示词：Peeping shot, camera as hidden observer, through window or crack, voyeuristic. 窥视镜头，摄影机如隐蔽观察者，透过窗或缝隙，窥视感。
快速推拉
Crash Zoom
提示词：Crash zoom, sudden fast zoom in to subject, impact, surprise, emphasis. 快速推拉，突然快速推向主体，冲击、惊讶、强调。
微移镜头
Micro Move
提示词：Micro move, very subtle camera drift or nudge, living frame, slight tension. 微移镜头，极细微的摄影机漂移或微动，画面呼吸感，轻微张力。
综合运动镜头
Compound Movement
提示词：Compound movement, dolly + pan + tilt combined, complex camera choreography. 综合运动镜头，推拉与摇移组合，复杂镜头编排。
一镜到底
One Take / Long Take
提示词：One take long take, no cuts, single continuous shot, real time flow, immersive. 一镜到底，无剪辑，单一连续镜头，实时流动，沉浸。
随机运动镜头
Random Move
提示词：Random camera move, unpredictable drift or wobble, organic, documentary. 随机运动镜头，不可预测的漂移或晃动，有机、纪录感。
翻转镜头
Camera Roll
提示词：Camera roll, camera rotates on its axis, world tilts and spins, disorientation. 翻转镜头，摄影机绕轴旋转，世界倾斜旋转，迷失方向。
四、构图与取景（Framing & Composition）
中心构图
Center Framing
提示词：Center framing, subject in the middle of frame, symmetrical, stable, iconic. 中心构图，主体位于画面正中，对称、稳定、标志性。
三分法构图
Rule of Thirds
提示词：Rule of thirds, subject on intersection of thirds lines, balanced, pleasing composition. 三分法构图，主体落在三分线交点，平衡、悦目。
对称构图
Symmetrical Framing
提示词：Symmetrical framing, mirror left and right or top and bottom, order, grandeur. 对称构图，左右或上下镜像，秩序、庄重。
引导线构图
Leading Lines
提示词：Leading lines, roads, rails, or edges guide eye to subject, depth and focus. 引导线构图，道路、轨道或边缘将视线引向主体，纵深感与焦点。
框架式构图
Frame within a Frame
提示词：Frame within a frame, subject seen through door, window, or arch, layered depth. 框架式构图，通过门、窗或拱门看到主体，层次与纵深感。
留白
Negative Space
提示词：Negative space, empty area around subject, minimal, breathing room, isolation. 留白，主体周围大面积空白，极简、留喘、孤立感。
前景遮挡
Foreground Obstruction
提示词：Foreground obstruction, something in front partially blocks view, depth, peek. 前景遮挡，前景物体部分遮挡视线，纵深感、窥视感。
纵深构图
Deep Space Composition
提示词：Deep space composition, multiple planes foreground mid background, strong depth. 纵深构图，前中后多平面，强烈纵深感。
扁平化构图
Flat Composition
提示词：Flat composition, minimal depth, graphic, two-dimensional, poster-like. 扁平化构图，纵深感弱，平面感、图形化、海报感。
黄金分割构图
Golden Ratio
提示词：Golden ratio composition, subject on golden spiral or ratio line, classical balance. 黄金分割构图，主体落在黄金螺旋或比例线上，古典平衡。
对角线构图
Diagonal Composition
提示词：Diagonal composition, main elements along diagonal, dynamism, movement, tension. 对角线构图，主要元素沿对角线分布，动感、张力。
填充构图
Fill the Frame
提示词：Fill the frame, subject fills most of frame, little background, intimate, intense. 填充构图，主体占满画面，背景极少，亲密、强烈。
打破第四面墙
Breaking the Fourth Wall
提示词：Breaking the fourth wall, character looks at camera, addresses viewer directly, meta. 打破第四面墙，角色直视镜头、与观众对话，元叙事。
五、焦点与景深（Focus & Depth of Field）
浅景深
Shallow Depth of Field
提示词：Shallow depth of field, subject sharp, background and foreground blurred, isolate subject. 浅景深，主体清晰，前后景虚化，突出主体。
深景深
Deep Depth of Field
提示词：Deep depth of field, everything in focus from near to far, full detail, landscape. 深景深，前后均清晰，细节完整，风景感。
移焦 / 换焦
Rack Focus / Shift Focus
提示词：Rack focus, focus shifts from one subject to another in same frame, redirect attention. 移焦，同一画面内焦点从一主体转到另一主体，转移注意力。
跟焦
Follow Focus
提示词：Follow focus, focus stays on moving subject, sharp while subject moves. 跟焦，焦点持续跟随运动主体，保持清晰。
裂焦镜头
Split Diopter Shot
提示词：Split diopter shot, near and far both in focus in same frame, half lens effect. 裂焦镜头，近处与远处在同一画面内均清晰，半片镜效果。
柔焦
Soft Focus
提示词：Soft focus, slightly blurred overall, dreamy, romantic, glow, no hard edges. 柔焦，整体轻微柔化，梦幻、浪漫、光晕、无硬边。
散景
Bokeh
提示词：Bokeh, out-of-focus areas show soft round or hexagonal shapes, lights as orbs. 散景，焦外呈柔和圆斑或六边形，灯光成光斑。
希区柯克式变焦
Hitchcock Zoom
提示词：Hitchcock zoom, dolly zoom effect, background compresses or expands, vertigo, suspense. 希区柯克式变焦，滑动变焦效果，背景压缩或拉伸，眩晕、悬念。
失焦
Out of Focus
提示词：Out of focus, intentionally blurry image, confusion, memory, or transition. 失焦，刻意模糊画面，困惑、记忆或转场。
焦点呼吸
Focus Breathing
提示词：Focus breathing, slight shift in framing as focus changes, organic, sometimes stylistic. 焦点呼吸，对焦变化时画面轻微位移，有机感，有时作风格用。
六、转场与剪辑技巧（Transitions & Editing）
切
Cut
提示词：Hard cut, instant switch to next shot, no transition, direct, rhythm. 切，瞬间切换到下一镜头，无过渡，直接、节奏感。
淡入
Fade In
提示词：Fade in, image appears from black or white, opening, beginning. 淡入，画面从黑或白中显现，开场、开始。
淡出
Fade Out
提示词：Fade out, image fades to black or white, ending, conclusion. 淡出，画面淡入黑或白，结束、收尾。
叠化 / 溶
Dissolve
提示词：Dissolve, one shot blends into next, time pass, dreamy, connection. 叠化，前一镜头与下一镜头交融，时间流逝、梦幻、关联。
划像
Wipe
提示词：Wipe, one image replaced by another with clear edge moving across frame. 划像，一画面被另一画面以清晰边界扫过取代。
匹配剪辑
Match Cut
提示词：Match cut, cut on similar shape, action or color, visual continuity, metaphor. 匹配剪辑，以相似形状、动作或颜色切镜，视觉连贯、隐喻。
跳跃剪辑
Jump Cut
提示词：Jump cut, same frame position with small change, time jump, discontinuity, style. 跳跃剪辑，同机位小变化，时间跳跃、断裂感、风格化。
交叉剪辑
Cross Cutting
提示词：Cross cutting, alternate between two or more scenes, parallel action, tension. 交叉剪辑，多场景交替，平行叙事、紧张感。
平行蒙太奇
Parallel Montage
提示词：Parallel montage, two storylines intercut, compare or contrast, thematic link. 平行蒙太奇，两条线索交叉剪辑，对比或对照，主题关联。
闪回
Flashback
提示词：Flashback, cut to past moment, memory, different look or filter, then return. 闪回，切入过去时空，记忆，不同色调或滤镜，再回到现在。
闪前
Flashforward
提示词：Flashforward, cut to future moment, anticipation, prophecy, then return. 闪前，切入未来片段，预兆、预言，再回到当前。
蒙太奇
Montage
提示词：Montage, series of short shots edited together, compress time, idea or emotion. 蒙太奇，一系列短镜头组接，压缩时间、表达观念或情绪。
长镜头
Long Take
提示词：Long take, extended single shot, no cut, real time, sustained tension. 长镜头，长时间单镜头，不切，实时，持续张力。
遮罩转场
Mask Transition
提示词：Mask transition, wipe or reveal via custom shape mask, creative transition. 遮罩转场，用自定义形状遮罩扫过或揭示，创意转场。
物体遮挡转场
Object Wipe
提示词：Object wipe, person or object passes in front of camera, cut on full black, seamless. 物体遮挡转场，人或物从镜头前经过，全黑时切镜，无缝。
动作匹配转场
Action Match
提示词：Action match, cut on matching action between two shots, flow, continuity. 动作匹配转场，在两镜头间在匹配动作处切镜，流畅连贯。
声音先入
J-Cut
提示词：J-cut, sound of next scene starts before picture change, audio lead. 声音先入，下一场声音先于画面出现，声音引领。
画面先入
L-Cut
提示词：L-cut, picture changes but sound from previous scene continues, audio lag. 画面先入，画面已切但上一场声音延续，声音滞后。
定格
Freeze Frame
提示词：Freeze frame, motion stops on single frame, emphasis, poster, end. 定格，运动停在一帧，强调、海报感、收尾。
快进
Fast Motion
提示词：Fast motion, time lapse or sped up, hours in seconds, urgency, comedy. 快进，延时或加速，数小时压缩为几秒，紧迫、喜剧。
慢动作
Slow Motion
提示词：Slow motion, action slowed down, detail, emotion, gravity, dramatic. 慢动作，动作放慢，细节、情绪、重量感、戏剧性。
延时摄影
Time-lapse
提示词：Time-lapse, long period compressed, clouds moving, sun arc, flowers opening. 延时摄影，长时间压缩，云动、日弧、花开。
倒放
Reverse Motion
提示词：Reverse motion, footage played backward, rewind, magic, undo. 倒放，画面倒播，倒带、魔幻、逆转。
子弹时间
Bullet Time
提示词：Bullet time, time nearly frozen while camera moves around subject, matrix style. 子弹时间，时间几近静止而摄影机绕主体运动，黑客帝国风格。
七、特殊摄影技术与光线运用（Special Techniques & Lighting）
微距摄影
Macro Photography
提示词：Macro shot, extreme close-up of small subject, texture, droplet, insect, detail. 微距镜头，极近距离拍摄细小物体，纹理、水滴、昆虫、细节。
高速摄影
High-Speed Photography
提示词：High-speed photography, very slow motion, bullet, splash, explosion, frozen moment. 高速摄影，极慢动作，子弹、水花、爆炸，瞬间凝固。
红外摄影
Infrared Photography
提示词：Infrared look, surreal colors, vegetation white or bright, sky dark, otherworldly. 红外摄影感，超现实色彩，植被发白或亮，天空暗，异世界。
水下摄影
Underwater Photography
提示词：Underwater shot, camera below surface, blue green light, bubbles, floating, aquatic. 水下镜头，水面之下，蓝绿光线，气泡，漂浮，水下世界。
绿幕/蓝幕拍摄
Green Screen / Blue Screen / Chroma Key
提示词：Chroma key, subject against green or blue backdrop, for VFX replacement, clean plate. 绿幕/蓝幕，主体在纯色背景前，便于后期抠像与合成。
动作捕捉
Motion Capture
提示词：Motion capture, actor performance translated to digital character, realistic movement. 动作捕捉，真人表演映射到数字角色，真实动作。
虚拟制片
Virtual Production
提示词：Virtual production, LED volume or real-time CG background, in-camera VFX. 虚拟制片，LED 环幕或实时 CG 背景，机内特效。
顺光
Front Lighting
提示词：Front lighting, light from camera side, flat, even, few shadows, clear face. 顺光，光线从摄影机方向来，平坦、均匀、少阴影、面部清晰。
侧光
Side Lighting
提示词：Side lighting, light from side, half face in shadow, depth, drama, contour. 侧光，光线从侧面来，半脸在阴影中，立体、戏剧、轮廓。
逆光
Back Lighting
提示词：Back lighting, light from behind subject, silhouette, rim light, halo, mood. 逆光，光线从主体后方来，剪影、轮廓光、光晕、氛围。
顶光
Top Lighting
提示词：Top lighting, light from above, eye sockets in shadow, dramatic or harsh. 顶光，光线从正上方来，眼窝落影，戏剧或冷峻。
底光 / 脚光
Under Lighting / Foot Lighting
提示词：Under lighting, light from below, horror, mystery, unnatural, unsettling. 底光，光线自下而上，恐怖、神秘、不自然、不安。
伦勃朗光
Rembrandt Lighting
提示词：Rembrandt lighting, triangle of light on cheek, one side shadow, classic portrait. 伦勃朗光，脸颊三角光斑，一侧阴影，经典人像。
蝴蝶光
Butterfly Lighting
提示词：Butterfly lighting, light from above and front, shadow under nose like butterfly. 蝴蝶光，来自上前方，鼻下蝶形阴影，柔美人像。
剪影
Silhouette
提示词：Silhouette, subject dark against bright background, shape only, dramatic. 剪影，主体在亮背景前呈暗影，仅轮廓，戏剧性。
高反差布光
Chiaroscuro
提示词：Chiaroscuro, strong contrast between light and dark, painterly, film noir. 高反差布光，明暗强烈对比，绘画感、黑色电影。
自然光拍摄
Available Light
提示词：Available light, no added lights, sun window street, natural, documentary. 自然光拍摄，无额外灯光，日光/窗光/街光，自然、纪实。
霓虹光效
Neon Lighting
提示词：Neon lighting, colored neon or LED glow, cyberpunk, night city, vibrant. 霓虹光效，彩色霓虹或 LED 辉光，赛博朋克、夜城、鲜艳。
频闪
Strobe Lighting
提示词：Strobe lighting, rapid flashing light, club, chaos, disorientation, energy. 频闪，快速闪烁的光，俱乐部、混乱、迷失、能量。